Scuba Season

Leopard torpedo ray

Torpedo torpedo

Sighting evidence at Papagayo Bay Angel Shark

The spotted torpedo ray is an electric ray capable of discharging up to 200 volts to stun prey. It rests motionless in sandy hollows at Papagayo, often partially buried, and is encountered on winter morning dives when the angel sharks are also active. Despite its defensive capability, unprovoked discharges toward divers are not recorded — most contact incidents occur when a diver kneels on or reaches for what they mistake for a patch of sand.

Evidence at this site

No confirmed records on file at this site

Leopard torpedo ray is listed as a curated species here based on historical reports.

How is this calculated?

Sighting evidence is compiled from iNaturalist observation records within a set proximity radius, filtered for quality-grade observations. “Last confirmed” is the date of the most recent research-grade record. Record count covers a rolling 24-month window. Confidence reflects record count, recency, and consistency of seasonal signal.